Soil,+Water+&+soil

= =



 ** So i l . **

SOIL needs nutrients and essential elements such as K,N,S and P and also organic material.

Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Common Organic Soil Pollutants. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM)  - healthy plants requires essential elements such as Phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and potassium soil - SOM refers to the organic constituents of the soil - decomposition of plants produces high molecular mass organic materials, such as POLYSACCHARIDES, and PROTEINS. simpler substances such as sugars, amino acids and other small molecules - when complex substances such as organic chemicals in plant, animal or microbial origin mixes with simple substances, this mixture is known as <span style="font-size: 190%; color: rgb(14, 255, 10); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive">HUMUS <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center"> SOM can be classified into three main headings; <span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Stencil; color: rgb(0, 176, 240)">Biological, <span style="color: rgb(0, 4, 255)"> Physical   and <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(148, 66, 255)">Chemical. <span style="color: rgb(26, 239, 255)"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 152, 255)">Biological Humus provides a source of energy and a source of the essential nutrient of Phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur that helps plants to grow healthy. <span style="color: rgb(0, 71, 235)"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 13, 255)"> Physical  <span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(0, 71, 235)"> Humus helps the soil to keep moisturized during dry conditions. It also keeps the soil in good form and structure. Its dark color of humus also absorbs heat and hence helps to warm the cold soil during spring.
 * = <span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> Pollutants ||= <span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; color: rgb(255, 26, 26)"> Source ||
 * = Hydrocarbons and other VOCs. (semi- volatile organic compounds, SVOCs) ||= Transport, solvents, industrial processes ||
 * = Agrichemicals ||= pesticides, herbicides and fungicides ||
 * = Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ||= incomplete combustion of coal, gas, oil wood or even garbage ||
 * = polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs ||= use as a coolant and insulator in electrical equipment such as transformers and generators. ||
 * = Organotin compounds ||= bastericides and fungicides used in paper, wood, textile ||

<span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(158, 61, 255); text-align: center; display: block"><span style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18)"><span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Chemical

Humus can act like CLAY with its <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 31, 233)">CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY. This contains active sites which are enable to bind onto nutrients cations. This can prevent them from being washed away by rain or during irrigation. <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; color: rgb(233, 26, 255)">TOXIC cations from heavy metals can bind to humus preventing them from entering the wider ecosystem. it enhances the ability of the soil to help maintain a constant PH by acting as an <span style="font-size: 160%; color: rgb(230, 0, 255)">ACID-BASE BUFFER.

<span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Important Sources of common organic soil pollutants:

- HYDROCARBONS and VOCS, SVOCS ( semi/ volatile organic compounds ) from <span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(73, 0, 255)">transports and <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(8, 0, 245)">solvents. - PCB's stands for <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 128, 20)">POLYCHLORINATEDBIPEHNYLS from fridges, transformers and capacitors.


 * Wa **** t **** er **** <span style="color: rgb(75, 152, 255)">an <span style="color: rgb(135, 186, 255)">d s <span style="color: rgb(184, 207, 255)">oi <span style="color: rgb(195, 220, 255)">l. **

The following power-point talks about the removal of heavy metal ions, phosphates and nitrates from water using chemical precipitations and also the importance of CEC.

media type="custom" key="2041684"

<span style="color: rgb(195, 220, 255)">